Framework for Shiny Apps in R Packages

TL;DR: You can test this approach using this Github Gist.

R Shiny Apps have become a popular way of creating web applications in R. There are many ways of running Shiny Apps including locally in RStudio, on Shinyapps.io or installing the server software on your own host. I have been increasingly using Shiny apps as a way to demonstrate and interact with R Packages, especially packages I write for teaching purposes. Adding a Shiny app to an R package is relatively easy. In my use cases, I first put the application files (server.R, ui.R, and global.R) in the inst/shiny directory of my R package. I can then write a package function to run the Shiny app from the installed package directory using a function like this:

#' My Shiny App
#' @export
my_shiny_app <- function() {
	shiny::runApp(appDir = system.file('shiny', package='MY_PACKAGE_NAME'))
}

This works very well when the entire app is self-contained. However, this does not work if you want to pass parameters to the Shiny app. In my situation, I want to be able to pass different data frames that I can interact with, but still have the Shiny app work if not parameters are passed. The first step to get this to work is to convert the server.R and ui.R scripts to functions within the R package. The code is largely the same, but instead of calling the functions we are going to assign them to shiny_server and shiny_ui, respectively. I have also included some minimal roxygen2 documentation. In particular, the functions need to be in the package’s export file.

#' The Shiny App Server.
#' @param input input set by Shiny.
#' @param output output set by Shiny.
#' @param session session set by Shiny.
#' @export
shiny_server <- function(input, output, session) {
	if(!exists('thedata', envir = parent.env(environment()), inherits = FALSE)) {
		message('thedata not available, using default faithful...')
		data(faithful, envir = environment())
		thedata <- faithful
	}

	output$environment <- renderPrint(
		print(ls(envir = parent.env(environment())))
	)

	output$thedata <- renderTable({
		return(thedata)
	})
}

#' The Shiny App UI.
#' @export
shiny_ui <- function() {
	fluidPage(
		titlePanel('Shiny Parameter Test'),
		verbatimTextOutput('environment'),
		tableOutput('thedata')
	)
}

This Shiny App doesn’t do a lot. It has one user variable, thedata, and the user interface includes the output of ls (i.e. what is in the executing environment) and the contents of thedata (presumed to be a data frame). The important feature here is the first five lines of the shiny_server. I first check to see if thedata exists using the !exists('thedata', envir = parent.env(environment()), inherits = FALSE) command. In short, if thedata is not present, I want to set it to a reasonable default value.

When encapsulating the Shiny app in R scripts, using the runApp function with the appDir parameter is sufficient. In order to pass variables to the Shiny app, we need to control the environment the app is started in. Below, is a rewrite of the my_shiny_app app. First, we create a new environment that will contain all of our parameters. Since specifying the parameter is optional, we use the missing function to check to see if it has a value, and if so assign it to the new environment. We then set the environment to our server and ui functions the newly created environment that now contains our parameters. The rest is similar to creating Shiny apps in a single app.R file; create the app with the shinyApp function and start it with the runApp function, but with the app instead of a directory.

my_shiny_app <- function(thedata, ...) {
	shiny_env <- new.env()
	if(!missing(thedata)) {
		print('Setting parameters')
		assign('thedata', thedata, shiny_env)
	}
	environment(shiny_ui) <- shiny_env
	environment(shiny_server) <- shiny_env
	app <- shiny::shinyApp(
		ui = shiny_ui,
		server = shiny_server
	)
	runApp(app, ...)
}

We can now start the Shiny app with the my_shiny_app() function call. In the first instance, no parameters are passed to the app so the faithful data frame will be printed. The second and third calls will use the iris and mtcars data frames, respectively.

my_shiny_app()
my_shiny_app(thedata = iris)
my_shiny_app(thedata = mtcars)

library(shiny)
source('shiny_param_test.R')
shiny::shinyApp(ui = shiny_ui,
                server = shiny_server)

#' Save the Shiny App to ui.R, server.R, and global.R file.
#'
#' This function will create three files in the \code{out_dir}: \code{server.R},
#' \code{ui.R}, and \code{global.R}. The contents of \code{server.R} and
#' \code{ui.R} will be the source code of the \code{server_function} and
#' \code{ui_function}, respectively. The \code{global.R} file will only contain
#' \code{library} calls for \code{shiny} and any other packages specified in
#' the \code{pkgs} parameter.
#'
#' If \code{run_app = TRUE} the function will start the Shiny app once the
#' files are written. This is recommended to ensure all the necessary packages
#' are loaded for the Shiny app to run.
#'
#' @param ui_function the function for the UI.
#' @param server_function the function for the server.
#' @param pkgs any packages that need to be loaded for the app to work. At
#'        minimum the package containing the shiny app should be included.
#' @param out_dir the directory to save the shiny app files.
#' @param run_app whether to run the app once the files are saved.
save_shiny_app <- function(ui_function,
						   server_function,
						   pkgs,
						   out_dir = 'shiny',
						   run_app = interactive()) {
	server_txt <- capture.output(server_function)
	ui_txt <- capture.output(ui_function)
	# Remove the bytecode and environment info
	server_txt <- server_txt[1:(length(server_txt)-2)]
	ui_txt <- ui_txt[3:(length(ui_txt)-3)]
	# Fix the function assignment
	server_txt[1] <- 'shinyServer(function(input, output, session)'
	server_txt[length(server_txt)] <- '})'
	global_txt <- c("library('shiny')")
	if(!missing(pkgs)) {
		global_txt <- c(global_txt, paste0("library('", pkgs, "')"))
	}
	# Save the shiny app files
	cat(server_txt, sep = '\n', file = paste0(out_dir, '/server.R'))
	cat(ui_txt, sep = '\n', file = paste0(out_dir, '/ui.R'))
	cat(global_txt, sep = '\n', file = paste0(out_dir, '/global.R'))
	# Start the app
	if(run_app) {
		runApp(appDir = out_dir)
	}
}